{"id":73200,"date":"2025-08-29T15:23:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-29T14:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/?p=73200"},"modified":"2025-08-29T15:23:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T14:23:35","slug":"%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%89-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/?p=73200","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0641 (Benjamin G. Ziff) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645 28 \u063a\u0634\u062a 2025. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0641&nbsp; \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u0625\u0630&nbsp; \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2022 \u06482024\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648-\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u063a\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 (National War College) \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0651\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0651\u064a\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0634 (CSULB).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627&nbsp; 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clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629 (\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0641 (Benjamin G. Ziff) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645 28 \u063a\u0634\u062a 2025. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d<\/p>\n<div class=\"nh-excerpt-more clearfix\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/?p=73200\" title=\"\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73202,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-73200","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-morocco"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=73200"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73201,"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73200\/revisions\/73201"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/73202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=73200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=73200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaan.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=73200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}